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In sailing, a block is a single or multiple pulley. One or a number of ''sheaves'' are enclosed in an assembly between ''cheeks'' or ''chocks''. In use, a block is fixed to the end of a line, to a spar, or to a surface. A line (rope) is ''reeved'' through the sheaves, and maybe through one or more matching blocks at some far end, to make up a tackle. The ''purchase'' of a tackle refers to its mechanical advantage. In general the more sheaves in the blocks that make up a tackle, the higher its mechanical advantage. The matter is slightly complicated by the fact that every tackle has a ''working end'' where the final run of rope leaves the last sheave. More mechanical advantage can be obtained if this end is attached to the moving load rather than the fixed end of the tackle. There are various types of blocks that are used in sailing. Some blocks are used to increase mechanical advantage and others are used simply to change the direction of a line. A ''ratchet block'' turns freely when a line is pulled in one direction but does not turn the other direction, although the line may slip past the sheave. This kind of block makes a loaded line easier to hold by hand, and is sometimes used on smaller boats for lines like main and jib sheets that are frequently adjusted. File:MaryRose-rigging blocks2.JPG|Various types of blocks of both wood and metal found on the 16th century ship ''Mary Rose'' File:Bird on block.jpg|A bird perched near a wooden block File:Harken 57C block.jpg|A modern single block made of stainless steel and reinforced plastic. The ball bearing is made of Delrin (polyoxymethylene) ==Sailing terms in everyday English== ; Chock a' block : Refers literally to the situation where pulling on the working line will not raise the load any further because the cheeks of one lifting block are already against the other. Figuratively this has come to mean that something is as full or as close as it can be. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Block (sailing)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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